List the standard transthoracic echocardiography windows/views used to evaluate the heart.

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The main idea is that a complete transthoracic echo uses multiple chest windows to visualize the heart from different angles, because each view highlights different chambers, valves, and aspects of function. The parasternal window yields the long-axis and short-axis perspectives, giving clear sequences of the LV, mitral and aortic interfaces, and enabling evaluation of wall thickness, motion, and LV geometry. The apical views—four-chamber, two-chamber, and long-axis (three-chamber)—offer direct looks at the atria and ventricles together, making it possible to assess chamber sizes, valve function, and regional wall motion with accurate volumetric analysis. The subcostal window provides another approach, especially when chest windows are suboptimal, and is particularly helpful for assessing the right heart, inferior vena cava, and pericardial space. Taken together, PLAX, PSAX, apical four-chamber, apical two-chamber, apical long-axis (three-chamber), and subcostal views constitute the standard transthoracic imaging set used to evaluate the heart.